Quick answer
To fix wall cracks caused by settling, follow these key steps:
- Inspect the Crack: Ensure it’s not still moving—monitor width or call a professional for structural assessment.
- Prepare the Area: Clean the crack thoroughly by removing loose material and dust.
- Apply Repair Material: Use flexible filler, joint compound, or masonry caulk for drywall or masonry cracks, depending on wall type.
- Reinforce if Needed: For larger or recurring cracks, embed mesh tape or fiberglass tape before applying compound.
- Finish and Paint: Once dry and smooth, sand and repaint to restore appearance.
In short, fixing settling cracks involves cleaning, filling, reinforcing, and finishing, but serious movement may require foundation repair.
Cracks in your walls can be unsettling—pun intended! While they might seem like a small issue, cracks can sometimes signal bigger problems. Often, these cracks are caused by a natural process called settling. Houses, especially older ones, can shift and settle over time, causing pressure on walls, which results in visible cracks. But don’t worry; fixing these cracks is easier than you might think.
In this article, we’ll explore the causes of wall cracks due to settling, how to repair them, and when you should call a professional. So, if you’re dealing with unsightly cracks in your walls, keep reading. You’ll soon be equipped with the knowledge you need to take action!
What Causes Cracks in Walls Due to Settling?
Before jumping into how to fix the cracks, it’s important to understand what causes them in the first place.
Settling happens when the foundation of your home shifts slightly over time. This can happen due to many factors, including:
- Soil Movement: As the soil beneath your house moves, it causes the foundation to shift. If the soil isn’t compacted properly or if it expands and contracts due to moisture, the walls may crack.
- Foundation Issues: Older foundations may settle unevenly or may not have been poured correctly, causing stress on the walls.
- Moisture Levels: Extreme changes in moisture levels around your home, whether from flooding, heavy rain, or drought, can cause the foundation to shift.
- House Age: Older homes tend to settle more over time as the building materials naturally adjust and settle into place.
But fear not—while these cracks may look concerning, they’re often not an emergency. Let’s look at how to fix them.
How Do You Identify Cracks in Walls Caused by Settling?
Not all cracks are the same, and it’s important to know the difference between those caused by settling and others that might indicate more severe problems. Here’s how to spot settling cracks:
- Location of the Crack: Settling cracks usually appear in places like corners, door frames, or windows. These are common weak points in your walls.
- Size of the Crack: Settling cracks often start small and gradually grow over time. If the crack is wide (more than 1/4 inch), it may require professional attention.
- Direction of the Crack: Most settling cracks are vertical or diagonal, rather than horizontal.
- Pattern of Cracking: Settling cracks might appear as a series of smaller cracks, often following a similar pattern.
If you notice these signs, chances are the cracks are caused by settling. However, if you’re unsure, it’s always best to get an expert opinion.
What Are the Best Ways to Fix Cracks in Walls Caused by Settling?
Now that you know the causes and signs, let’s dive into how to fix these cracks effectively. Here are seven simple methods to repair cracks caused by settling.
1. Clean the Cracks Thoroughly
Before you begin any repairs, clean the crack thoroughly. Use a vacuum to remove any dust or debris. You can also use a small brush to scrub the area clean. This will ensure that the repair material adheres properly.
2. Use Joint Compound or Spackling Paste
For small cracks (under 1/4 inch), joint compound or spackling paste is your best friend. Here’s how to use it:
- Step 1: Apply a thin layer of joint compound or spackling paste over the crack using a putty knife.
- Step 2: Smooth the surface so it’s level with the surrounding wall.
- Step 3: Let it dry for a few hours.
- Step 4: Sand the patched area until it’s smooth, and then apply a second coat if necessary.
- Step 5: Once dry, paint over the patched area to match the surrounding wall.
3. Use Caulk for Smaller Cracks
For hairline cracks, caulk is often the best option. It’s easy to apply, flexible, and ideal for cracks that are not too deep. Here’s how you can use caulk:
- Step 1: Cut the tip of the caulk tube at a 45-degree angle, creating a small opening.
- Step 2: Squeeze the caulk into the crack, filling it completely.
- Step 3: Smooth out the caulk with your finger or a damp cloth to make sure it’s even with the wall.
- Step 4: Allow it to dry before painting over it.
4. Patch Larger Cracks with Drywall Tape
If the cracks are larger, you may need to use drywall tape in addition to joint compound. Here’s how to do it:
- Step 1: Clean the crack and apply a coat of joint compound.
- Step 2: Place a strip of drywall tape over the crack and press it firmly into the compound.
- Step 3: Cover the tape with another layer of joint compound and smooth it out.
- Step 4: Allow it to dry, then sand the area smooth before painting.
5. Apply Plaster for Structural Cracks
For cracks that are wider or deeper, plaster might be required. You can either use pre-mixed plaster or create your own mixture. Apply the plaster over the crack, let it dry, and then smooth the surface.
6. Consider Using a Wall Repair Kit
There are plenty of wall repair kits available for DIY enthusiasts. These kits typically come with everything you need to fix cracks, including plaster, joint compound, tools, and instructions.
7. Reinforce with a Foundation Repair if Needed
In rare cases, settling cracks could indicate an underlying problem with the foundation. If you notice recurring cracks or larger gaps, it may be worth consulting a foundation expert who can assess the situation. A professional may suggest installing foundation piers or using other methods to stabilize the house.
When Should You Call a Professional?
While many cracks can be fixed with DIY methods, there are situations where you should seek professional help:
- Large Cracks: If the cracks are over 1/4 inch wide or show signs of expanding, a professional should evaluate the situation.
- Cracks Around Doors and Windows: If the cracks are causing doors or windows to stick, it may indicate a more serious structural issue.
- Signs of Water Damage: If the cracks are accompanied by moisture, mold, or mildew, it’s a sign that you may have water damage or foundation problems.
- Repeated Cracking: If cracks keep reappearing after you repair them, there might be an underlying issue with your foundation that needs professional attention.
Do You Know?
- Houses naturally settle over time. This process can cause small cracks, but it doesn’t necessarily mean your home is falling apart.
- The soil underneath your house can shrink or expand, which affects your home’s foundation. This shifting is the primary cause of settling cracks.
- You don’t need to panic over small cracks. Many times, they can be easily fixed with a simple repair kit or joint compound.
FAQs
1. How can I tell if a crack is caused by settling?
Settling cracks are typically vertical or diagonal and appear around windows, doors, or corners. They usually start small and grow over time.
2. Can I fix large cracks myself?
It depends on the size of the crack. Smaller cracks can be fixed with joint compound, but larger ones might require professional help to address any foundation issues.
3. What should I do if the crack keeps reappearing?
If cracks continue to reappear, it may indicate foundation problems. In such cases, it’s best to call a professional to inspect your home.
4. Should I be worried about cracks in my walls?
Most small cracks caused by settling are normal and not cause for concern. However, larger cracks or cracks with other symptoms (like moisture) may require a closer look from a professional.
5. What’s the best material for fixing wall cracks?
For smaller cracks, joint compound or spackling paste works well. For larger cracks, you might need drywall tape, plaster, or even foundation repairs.
6. How long does it take for wall cracks to appear due to settling?
Cracks can appear gradually over months or even years as the house settles.
7. Can moisture cause cracks in walls?
Yes, changes in moisture levels around your home can cause the foundation to shift, leading to cracks.
8. Can I paint over the crack after fixing it?
Yes, after fixing the crack and allowing the repair to dry, you can paint over it to blend it with the rest of the wall.
9. Do cracks in walls always mean structural damage?
Not always. While cracks can be a sign of foundation issues, they often occur simply due to the natural settling of a home.
10. When should I call a foundation expert?
If the cracks are large, recurring, or accompanied by other signs like doors or windows sticking, it’s time to call a foundation expert.
Conclusion
Cracks in walls caused by settling are a common and natural part of owning a home. While these cracks may seem alarming at first, they are often easy to repair with a little elbow grease and the right tools. By following the simple steps outlined above, you can restore your walls to their original condition and prevent future damage.
If you’re unsure or dealing with significant cracks, it’s always best to consult a professional to ensure your home’s foundation remains solid.
